"I am positive it happens more times than that, but those are the only ones who get caught," says Beshara, president of Babich and Associates in Dallas. "We assume 50, maybe 65 percent of resumes have lies on them."

Call it lying, fibbing, embellishing the facts or stretching the truth. Whatever the term, the practice of "enhancing" a resume flourishes.

In a Careerbuilder.com survey of hiring managers, 57 percent said they have found a lie on a candidate's application, even though only 5 percent of workers admitted to falsifying information. Ninety-three percent of managers who caught an applicant lying did not hire that person.

"The problem is, you don't know where they'll lie again," Beshara says.

Ironically, dishonesty is easier to detect than ever before. More companies are implementing comprehensive and sophisticated background checking mechanisms, says Tom Ruff, CEO of a recruiting firm that bears his name in Manhattan Beach.

In addition, resumes are frequently posted on the Internet. "Momentary mistakes in judgment can end up living on forever," says Michael Fertik, CEO of ReputationDefender Inc. "You have to assume not only that employers are finding your resume online, but also that they are using the Web to verify the claims your resume makes."

Ruff finds that the tighter the job market and the fiercer the competition for openings, the more tempting it is for some people to embellish their resumes.

Declining workplace loyalty also encourages some applicants to stretch the truth, Beshara finds. "With globalization, competition, and subcontractors, you can be replaced any minute."

Puffery vs. fraud

Anna Ivey, a career counselor in Cambridge, Mass., finds one question occurring repeatedly among applicants of all ages: What is the boundary between acceptable puffery on a resume and fudging, dishonesty or fraud?

"They're just confused about where you draw the line," Ivey says. "People assume there's always some inflation in a resume. They feel pressure to inflate. They wonder: If everyone else is doing this, am I then hurting myself if I don't?"

Some applicants lie about their education. "We always call the school, no matter where it is around the world," says Dora Vell, who runs an executive search firm in Waltham, Mass.

Misrepresenting dates of employment is another easy way to get caught, Ivey notes. "Even if an employer will say nothing else about your work there, they typically will confirm employment dates if they're asked."

Ruff's firm had a candidate who was seeking a job in medical sales. He was hired, but when the company conducted a background check, it found he had held another job that was not on his resume. The employer terminated him.

"If he had been honest and had listed the additional job, it would not have been a problem," Ruff says.

Vell once caught a CEO lying about his personal status. "He had a spouse on the East Coast and a fiancee on the West Coast. In reference checking, we found two different family situations."

Many people think about fudging their foreign language skills, Ivey finds. "That's one of the easiest ways to get busted," she warns. "All it takes is one person in the interview saying, 'Great, let's conduct the interview in Spanish.' And there you are."

'I didn't mean to be unethical'

Yet many people reject those cavalier attitudes. Don Moore, associate professor at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, finds great interest in ethical issues among the MBA students in his classes.

"They're both looking for guidance and trying to make sense of and define their own values," he says. "My own research on ethical judgment suggests that there are very few people who knowingly and intentionally engage in unethical behavior ... Evidence suggests that a lot of biased, incorrect statements are made by people who have convinced themselves they are true."

Although the temptation to embellish may be great, Ivey cautions that people do get caught. "It might not happen next week, but it could happen a year into your job, or seven years."

Nowhere is that more evident than in occasional headlines that shine a public spotlight on the potential consequences of misrepresenting the truth. In one recent high-profile case, Marilee Jones, dean of admissions at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, resigned after an investigation revealed that she did not hold the academic degrees she had claimed.

Occasionally schools themselves make mistakes, as Michael Reinemer, now a vice president at American Association for Homecare in Arlington, Va., discovered some years ago.

He received a call from a human resources manager at a company where he had applied for a job. "She said the university where I said I had earned my graduate degree showed no record of me receiving that degree. I contacted the university and sure enough, they had me listed as a part-time, non-degree student. I had taken a class there after getting the graduate degree and apparently that blocked out the fact that I had earned the degree."

After a few calls to set the university record straight, Reinemer received a job offer.

Human resources managers need to give applicants the opportunity to respond to the appearance of false information, Reinemer adds.

Truth eventually emerges

Raj Khera, CEO of MailerMailer, an e-mail service in Rockville, Md., recently had to fire a woman who apparently falsified material about her experience and qualifications.

"She had submitted one of the best resumes for one of our technical writing positions, and she interviewed very well," he says. "Her writing samples suggested that she would be a great fit."

But after her first week, Khera and his colleagues were "shocked" at the poor quality of work they were getting. "She was dedicated and appeared to work hard, but her writing was completely different than the samples she provided," he says. After giving her several more opportunities to improve, the company let her go.

To avoid such situations, Ruff tells people, "Just be honest on your resume. Lying can come back to haunt you. My bottom line is: Don't lie."

Harold Boughton, a former senior executive in Greenwood, Ind., offers his own bottom line: "We cannot compromise our values or ourselves in order to make the next sale or get the next job. Practicing ethical behavior is not an option or part-time proposition. Ultimately, it needs to be at the very foundation of everything we do."